(EXTRA)ORDINARY EQUIVALENCES WITH THE ASCENDING/DESCENDING SEQUENCE PRINCIPLE

Equivalences in Bicategories

In this paper, we establish some connections between the concept of an equivalence of categories and that of an equivalence in a bicategory. Its main result builds upon the observation that two closely related concepts, which could both play the role of an equivalence in a bicategory, turn out not to coincide. Two counterexamples are provided for that goal, and detailed proofs are given. In par...

Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.

At the beginning of 2003, the Journal of Health Economics published a paper of great importance in public policy by DiMasi, Hansen, and Grabowski (referred to hereafter as “DHG 2003”). The paper is based primarily on confidential, proprietary data supplied by pharmaceutical companies to the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, a research center that receives significant unrestricted ...

Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence

We thank Light and Warburton (2005) [hereafter LW] for providing a context for us to further discuss and clarify our studies on the cost of new drug development (DiMasi et al., 2003 [hereafter DHG]; DiMasi et al., 1991b [hereafter DHGL]; Hansen, 1979). We disagree, however, with their analyses, comparators, and conclusions. Although LW suggest, through the invocation of selected reported cost f...

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On Monoidal Equivalences and Ann-equivalences

The equivalence between a monoidal category and a strict one has been proved by some authors such as Nguyen Duy Thuan [8], Christian Kassel [2], Peter Schauenburg [7]. In this paper, we show another proof of the problem by constructing a strict monoidal category M(C) consisting of M -functors and M morphisms of a category C and we prove C is equivalent to it. The proof is based on a basic chara...